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The Cost Of A Car

In my last post, I mentioned that I’ve only driven my car 10,000 miles in the last three years.  A reader asked whether I’d considered getting rid of the car all together, and I thought that our conversation deserved its own post, in case some people had missed it in the comments section.  This was my response to Henry:

“You bring up a good point, and getting rid of my car is something I’ve considered. However, I can’t see a way that it would make sense, financially or practically. Pretty much the only time I need to use it is when I go to the city about ten miles from here. We’ve tried riding our bikes in there, but the only roads into town are fast, with small shoulders, and we just don’t feel comfortable on them. There is no public transportation between here and there. And there are no places to rent a car in our town. I wouldn’t feel comfortable borrowing a neighbor’s car – we know our neighbors well enough to say hi and chat for a while, but borrowing someone’s car (for me anyway) would require a lot closer relationship than that.
I did the math a while back about how much my car is costing us. I always average at least 32 mpg, city and highway combined. If we were to borrow or rent a car for the 3000 miles I drive each year, we’d still have to pay for that gas (and there’s no public transportation here, so that’s not an option). I pay $250/year for insurance, and $65/year for registration. And in the seven plus years that we’ve owned my car, we’ve spent less than $1500 total in maintenance (including a new windshield, as the original one was cracked when we bought the car). So my car is costing us just over $500/year plus gasoline costs. (We paid $2300 cash for the car in 2003, so there has never been any monthly cost associated with buying the car).
It’s hard to see how we could get rid of the car and come up with an alternative way of getting around when we need to leave our town, that would cost less than $500/year. I’ve read that the average American spends something like $8000/year on a car, and in  that case, I’m sure there are much more financially practical options. But I’d say I’m on the low end of the scale in terms of transportation costs, and there just aren’t that many other alternatives in a town with no car sharing program, no rental places, and no public transportation.”

Henry replied with a perspective about how much his own car used to cost, living in Europe, and how much better his life is now that he no longer has the car (a common theme that I hear quite a bit from other car-free folks):

“I keep forgetting just how cheap cars are to run in the US. I don’t know whether this makes you all very lucky or very unlucky. The maths you gave would be quickly dismissed as hopelessly naïve and the worst kind of wishful thinking in Europe. $500 a year!! I live in Austria – let me share my equivalent calculations for the car I used to have (2005 VW Sharan). The car was €23,000 when I bought it back in 2007. Since then it depreciated to €15,000 when I sold it a few months ago. I averaged 7 litres per 100km (Google says that’s 33.6 mpg in your language) and drove about 15,000 mostly unnecessary kilometres annually. At €1.20/litre (very approx. $6.50/gallon) that’s quite expensive. Because we had a small knock a couple of years back, our insurance was €1,712 (not a typo!) last year. I have averaged about €1,200 in annual servicing costs and for things like new winter tyres and a new air conditioning system. We also have motorway vignettes, annual parking fees in our town, etc.

The thing is, although I’m not exactly rich, I could afford it easily, so never questioned whether it represented value for money. When I started taking my finances by the scruff of the neck earlier this year, I was shocked at how much it cost to run – the best part of €8,000 a year! I knew cars were expensive, but I didn’t realise that it was such a drain on me. To top it all off, most of the driving I was doing was to out of town clients so that I could earn enough money to pay for the car. The money I was making by going out to them almost exactly balanced the cost of the car. I got rid of the car and the clients and am in the same shape financially, even when the cost of the occasional taxi or car hire is included. This means I now have time to play football (soccer) in the park with my kids and I also have one less thing in my life to worry about. I love how liberating it is to get rid of stuff.

Sounds like there might be a business opportunity for a start-up car sharing business in your community. ?”

Henry’s experience with owning a car sounds a lot more like the average costs here in the US than my own experience (except for the gasoline cost – I’ve always thought that if the US were to catch up with the rest of the world in terms of the price of gasoline, there would be a lot less driving here).  The main reason my insurance and registration are so low is because my car is 19 years old.  Registration fees are based on the value of the vehicle, so if I had a $25,000 car, I would be paying a lot more to register it each year.  And because my car is worth so little, I only carry liability insurance.  I have lots of liability insurance, as that’s not something I feel is worth scrimping on – if I ever need it, I want to be sure that there’s plenty of it there.  But there’s no need to pay to insure against damage to my own car, as the cost of the insurance would quickly exceed the value of the car.  One thing that I’ve done to keep my insurance costs as low as possible is to be a very careful driver.  I’ve never had a ticket in my life, which helps quite a bit.  We also have our liability umbrella policy and our homeowners policy with the same company that insures our cars, and that gives us a 15% discount.

I have been very fortunate in terms of how few problems my car has had over the years.  It’s a Honda, and I’m convinced that they build very good cars.  But a huge part of it has to do with how little I drive.  If you only drive 3000 – 4000 miles per year, it makes sense that your car will last three times as long as one that is driven 12,000 miles per year.

I did seriously think about selling my car earlier this summer.  We would still have my husband’s car (a 20 year old Audi that has similar maintenance, insurance, and registration costs as my car), but his has far less room in it for things like the dog and groceries.  His car has about 100,000 fewer miles on it than mine though, so it wouldn’t have made sense at all to get rid of his and keep mine (even though my car has been going strong for years, it does have 221,000 miles on it, and I realize it’s not going to last forever).  I checked the Blue Book value on my car, and it was about $1000.  But we decided that the convenience of having the car is worth more to us than the thousand dollars would be.  There’s plenty of space in our garage for my car, and there’s no issue with parking in our town (if we lived in a city where we had to pay for parking, that would sway things more in favor of getting rid of the car).

If and when we get to a point where my car needs extensive and very costly repairs, we’ll reconsider.  But for now, we figure that we might as well keep it as long as it’s running well and costing us so little to insure, register, and maintain.  And of course, I am always focused on how I can reduce my mileage as much as possible, and use the car only when I really need it, as opposed to every time I need to go somewhere.

What do you think?  I know it’s very feasible to live without a car in a big city that has public transportation and car sharing programs, but have any of you done it while living in a small town without any of those resources?  What does your car cost you each year?  How high would that number have to be to convince you that the car’s not worth it?

Bogleheads

I wanted to share a good forum with you all.  Some of you are probably already regular visitors to Bogleheads, but if you aren’t, I highly recommend it.  The tagline of the forum says “investing advice inspired by the example of Jack Bogle” (Jack Bogle started Vanguard), although the topics discussed extend beyond just investing into pretty much any personal finance topic you can think of.  The members subscribe to much the same philosophies in life that they do in investing (and these happen to coincide nicely with my own).  Basically, they strive to keep expenses low, invest or save as much as possible, clearly understand the difference between needs and wants (that doesn’t mean never fulfilling a want, but it does mean understanding that fulfilling a current want might push a long term goal further back), and understand as much as possible about personal finance topics.

My husband and I have been reading the Bogleheads forum for a few months now, and have found a lot of the discussions to be fascinating.  We’ve also gained some great ideas in terms of strategies for maximizing risk while minimizing expenses with our own investments.  If you’re not reading Bogleheads yet, check it out – there’s a topic for just about everybody on that site.

Our New Retirement Accounts

Back before we became self-employed, my husband and I each worked for a large company, and we both had 401k accounts.  When we quit our jobs, we rolled those accounts over to IRAs, and that has been our retirement savings ever since.  In the early days, we didn’t contribute anything at all, but gradually worked our way up to putting the maximum allowable amount into our accounts for the last few years.  Although we were happy to be maxxing out our IRAs, we were aware that a lot of people our age have IRAs in addition to employer-sponsored retirement accounts.  We incorporated our business four years ago, and considered setting up a retirement plan at the time, but the money just wasn’t there.  We were drawing pretty small salaries, and just maxxing out the IRAs was a stretch.

But time has passed and our business has grown, and we decided to revisit the retirement account question.  We looked at three options: the Individual 401k, the SIMPLE IRA, and the SEP IRA.  The 401k option would have allowed us to contribute a larger amount of money, since the contributions aren’t based on salary (we could each put up to $49,000 into a 401k).  The SIMPLE would have allowed us to contribute $11,500 of our salaries, plus up to a 3% match from our corporation.  The SEP allows our corporation to contribute up to 25% of our salaries into our accounts.

We debated the relative merits of each option, and discussed it with a representative at Vanguard, where we had decided to open our accounts.  The 401k allows the highest contribution, but is also the most complicated to set up and maintain.  And neither of us is going to come anywhere near having $49,000 to put into the account.  So the higher limit would pretty much be a waste at this point.  That narrowed the choice to the SEP or the SIMPLE, and we liked the simplicity of just having the contributions come straight from our corporation, without having to mess with paycheck deductions and contributions from multiple sources.  We’re an S corporation, so all of the money our business earns above expenses goes to us one way or another – either by salary or by distributions.  Now we’ll just have lower distributions and the the company will put money into each of our SEP IRAs each month – and the company will get a tax write off for doing so.

We’re still working at paying off our mortgage as quickly as possible, and we will continue to max out our IRAs and HSA, and keep contributing to our emergency fund and our son’s college account.  With all of that, I think that the restriction on the SEP that limits our maximum contribution to 25% of compensation will be more than enough.

It feels great to be opening our new SEP.  We completed all of the paperwork yesterday, and things should be on track for initial contributions in March.  After eight years of self-employment, our business is finally starting to be all grown up.

As with any financial ideas that you read on a blog, please don’t think that what works for us is the best option for you.  If you’re looking at setting up a retirement account for your business, do your research and talk with an accountant if you have questions.

In other news, my article was an editor’s pick in the Festival of Frugality today.  Thanks RC!

Carnival Of Personal Finance, And Why I Do Our Taxes Myself

The Carnival of Personal Finance is live over at Budgets Are Sexy.  There are tons of great articles, but here are some of my favorites this week:

Money Beagle asks if the bank forced you to sign your mortgage.  Prepared to get fired up – there’s lots of discussion in the comments too.

You Have More Than You Think explains how friends don’t make friends overspend, when it comes to weddings.  My husband and I got married on top of a mountain in our hiking clothes.  I love this article!

No Debt Plan explains why doing your own taxes is a good idea.  I’ve been doing my own taxes for years.  Back in the day, it was simple – just a W2 and a 1040EZ, and I was all set.  I would do my own, and my husband’s (back before we were married) in about an hour each year.  Then we became self-employed and our taxes got much more complicated.  Instead of one W2 for each of us, we had about ten 1099s each, and tons of business expenses.  A few years later, we incorporated our business, and I had to contend with a corporate tax return, in addition to our personal return.  I thought about throwing in the towel and going to an accountant.  But I have a strong DIY nature, and more importantly, I wanted to really understand what the heck was going on with our taxes.  I didn’t want to just dump a bunch of paperwork off at the accountant’s office and come back a few weeks later to sign our returns.  So I poured over the tax laws, reading and re-reading things until they made sense.  There were some frustrating moments, for sure.  But I just finished our 2009 taxes, and it does seem to get easier every year.  I now have a very solid understanding of tax laws pertaining to an S-Corp (granted, only for our particular situation, where we have no employees – but hey, I’m not doing anybody else’s taxes, so that’s really all I need to understand).  I know how various expenses will impact our taxes, and I understand how the structure of our business and compensation impacts our personal return.  Yes, I have devoted a lot of hours to taxes over the years, but the knowledge I have gained seems well worth it to me.

Check out the carnival when you get a chance – I’m sure you’ll find lots of interesting reading.

Don’t Fake It Till You Make It

We were cleaning last night, getting the house ready for a meeting with our new Realtor this morning (it went great, she’s great, life is great).  When I was cleaning the floor in my husband’s office, it struck me that he still works at the same small desk he had when I met him, eight years ago.  It’s actually the same desk he got when he was in college, so he’s had it since the mid-90s.  The office chair he uses was dumpster-dived not long after we met each other.

When I first met my husband, we were both working for a big company, and his desk was just part of his bedroom furniture.  Once he became self employed in early 2002, he started spending much more of his time at that desk.  He was thrilled to replace his very ragged office chair with our dumpster find, and has been working there ever since.  Seven years later, we’re still happily self-employed, and doing quite a bit better financially than we were in those early years.  But it would never occur to my husband to replace his desk or his chair, since they’re both still perfectly functional.

I sometimes get emails from readers asking for tips about how to become self-employed.  Of course there are lots of issues to address, but one that always comes to mind is don’t fake it till you make it.  I’ve seen people who became self employed and immediately sank several thousand dollars into new office furniture, even if they don’t meet with clients in their office (we don’t – everything we do is online and over the phone, so all that is required is a quiet office space with high speed internet and a good phone service).  There’s an endless amount of money that can be spent to get a business off the ground.  Some of it is necessary, and will have an impact on how your business performs.  But some of it is not, and will just extend the time until your business becomes profitable.  And since a good number of small businesses never become profitable, that initial expenditure might just end up being debt that you have to pay off once you secure another job.

If you’re looking to start a business or even just become self-employed part time, make sure that you apply the same frugal eye to business purchases that you do to all your other purchases.  Ask yourself if you need it, what sort of return on investment you’ll get, and whether there’s a less expensive option out there.  Don’t be fooled by the idea that business expenses are a tax write-off.  Yes, you can deduct business expenses, but it’s better to keep $100 in your pocket and pay $25 in taxes (just an example) than to spend that $100 on a business expense and save yourself the $25 in taxes.  You come out $75 ahead in the first scenario.  So unless you really need to spend the money, don’t let yourself be lulled into the idea that spending it is a good idea because of the tax write-off.

Starting a business is tough, no doubt about it.  And it’s likely that you won’t earn a whole lot of money in the beginning, no matter how hard you work.  By spending a bunch of money upfront without carefully considering whether the money really has to be spent, some people set themselves up for a stressful start to self-employment.

Category: taxes, work  9 Comments

Turbo Tax Give Away!

For all you readers who haven’t filed your taxes yet, I have another give away.  Yes, I’m just full of good stuff this week.  Turbo Tax is giving two of my readers web cards with a prepaid access code (includes one free federal + state preparation + efiles) for Turbo Tax Deluxe Online (approximately $65 value each).  I’ll be drawing winners on Saturday morning, so get yourself entered in this contest by midnight on Friday, April 3rd.  To enter, just leave a comment with your favorite April Fool’s joke.   Good luck!

Category: gifts, taxes  8 Comments

Cross The HSA Off The List!!

We maxxed out our HSA today.  $5800, done and done.  That feels so good.  A whole lot better than shopping sprees and dinners out.  We maxxed out our HSA last year too, but we did it in the last week of the year, and it was a struggle.  I much prefer having it done in April!  I got the idea to focus on one financial goal at a time from NCN.  I remember reading about how he tackles each goal until it’s finished and then moves on to the next, and I decided to give it a try for our goals this year.  So ever since the first of the year, we’ve put everything we could scrape together into the HSA.  There’s been a little trickle devoted to other goals – we pay a little extra each month on our mortgage; we put $100/month into our ING account for emergencies, and we put $200/month into my husband’s traditional IRA.  I like the automatic nature of these payments, and they’re small enough to be manageable, while still big enough to make a difference at the end of the year.  So we kept those, but put everything else into the HSA.  I would move money into the HSA as soon as we got paid, so that we weren’t tempted to use it on anything else – if it’s not there, you can’t spend it.  Anyway, it feels great to be finished with the HSA for the year.  And we shouldn’t have to take any more money out of it, since we’ve already met our health insurance deductible for the year. 

Now we can move on to my husband’s traditional IRA, which is our second goal for the year.  Since we put $200/month into it automatically, we only have to come up with another $2600 to max it out for the year.  Our tax refund should get deposited tomorrow, and we’re planning to put $2600 of it into the IRA.  That will be two of our goals met for the year, within 24 hours of each other.  The refund is obviously not a normal part of our income (and not something I want to make a habit of – I’m hoping to get back to our usual refund of a couple hundred dollars next year), so it almost feels like cheating to hit the IRA goal so soon after the HSA.  But I suppose we could be going to the mall tomorrow night to buy a big screen TV instead of putting the money into the IRA…

I’m debating where to go next… we had planned to start working on my Roth IRA as soon as we maxxed out my husband’s IRA, but with the baby due next month, part of me wants to pad the emergency fund a little more instead (we’ve only got about $1500 in it, which is a lot less than a month’s worth of expenses for us).  Maybe we’ll deviate from our one-at-a-time method and work a little on both for a while. 

Category: goals, savings, taxes  2 Comments

Home Improvement Progress and Taxes Filed!

We didn’t get our floors finished this weekend, but we did make a lot more progress on our house.  We’ve finished the hallway, which involved lots of funky angles and doorways.  Last night we finished putting the baseboard molding down in the guest room/office, so it is officially complete.  We had been using that room for cutting the boards and storing tools, so it was pretty dirty.  We moved all the tools to another room, cleaned up all the sawdust, and damp-mopped the new floor, which looks fantastic.  Then we were able to move my desk and the guest room furniture back into the room.  So it’s actually a usable room now, instead of a construction site.  We’ll be moving all the furniture out of our bedroom into the baby’s room in the next day or two, so we’ll be sleeping in the guest room for a few days until we finish the floor in our bedroom.  We still have a long way to go, but we’ve finished most of the hard parts, and it’s very nice to be able to see a finished room and know how good everything will look once we finish them all.  And I’m happy to report that under all the sawdust, there weren’t any scratches or dings at all in the guestroom floor.  The room has been used for tool storage and construction work for the last week, and the floor held up very well under all of it. 

I spent part of the day yesterday putting cove molding around the floor in our kitchen, which gives the whole room a very polished look.  It’s amazing what a difference $20 worth of molding can make.  Slowly but surely we’re checking off the things on our to-do list…  Our midwives will be here for the home visit in mid-April, and our goal is to have everything put back together and respectable-looking by then.

My other big accomplishment this weekend was to get our taxes filed.  I mailed the corporate returns on Friday, and e-filed the personal returns on Saturday.  I use TaxAct to do our personal taxes, and I have to say that the $17 they charged me is some of the best money I’ve spent in a long time.  (they don’t pay me to write this).  Our 1040 + attachments was 13 pages long.  I sure would not have wanted to do it without software.  I did our corporate taxes by hand, but I was very grateful for TaxAct’s interview-format process when it came to doing our personal taxes.  I saved the returns in my email and on my computer (backed up with an external hard drive), so I didn’t have to print paper copies at all this year.   I got an email from TaxAct yesterday saying that our return has been accepted by the IRS and we should be getting our refund on 4/11.  We’ll be using the money to make our last HSA contribution for the year (we’re at $5000 so far, only $800 more to go), and the rest will go into my husband’s IRA.  Then we can move on to my IRA, in keeping with our financial plan for 2008. 

Taxes Done!

I just finished our taxes.  It’s the culmination of probably 40 hours of work over the last several weeks, and it feels pretty darn good.  I spent $125 to get one hour of consultation from our accountant, but other than that I did it all on my own.  I finished the state and federal corporate returns last night, and our personal state and federal returns today.  I put an additional $1000 into my IRA for 2007, to get our AGI down below $52,000 (it turned out that I didn’t need to make the contribution after all, because our AGI dipped below the $52K mark with some other changes I made along the way, but the money’s in the IRA now anyway, and we did get an additional deduction for it).  So we qualified for a $400 savers credit, which is a nice bonus. 

I had wanted to have the corporate returns mailed today and the personal returns e-filed, but I think I’m going to wait until Monday.  I’ve spent so much time on them over the last few days that I think it might be a good idea to just leave them alone for a couple days and make sure I don’t think of anything I want to change or add before I file them.  The extension I filed for the corporate return gives me 6 more months, and I still have 3 weeks on the personal returns before tax day, so I suppose it’ll be ok to wait a few more days. 

Assuming I don’t think of any changes I need to make, we’re going to be getting a $3800 refund.  Oops.  In the words of our fearless leader, I guess I misunderestimated our taxes last year.  I usually try to pay pretty close to what we owe each year, in order to avoid big free loans to the government.  But I’d still rather be getting a big refund than be in the boat we were in a few years ago when we owed the IRS $7000 at tax time.  Last year was tough, because it was our first year as employees of our corporation, and I wasn’t sure how much our dividends (from which no taxes are withheld, but taxes are still owed) were going to affect things.  Also, we ended up contributing more to our HSA than we had thought we would.  So all in all, I’m happy with the refund (and it will go straight towards our HSA and my husband’s 2008 IRA).  But I’m going to make some changes in our withholdings to make sure that we’re not withholding too much for the rest of this year.

I Will Be So Happy When Our Taxes Are Finished

We incorporated our business nearly two years ago, although we didn’t start having insurance companies pay commissions to our corporate tax id number until January of 2007.  So right now I’m working on our first real corporate tax return.  Not the most fun I’ve ever had…  Yesterday I met with our accountant for an hour, and she clarified just about all of the areas where it was still a bit fuzzy to me.  And it turns out that there are two things that we were supposed to have done that we didn’t.  When we incorporated and listed my husband and myself as the two shareholders, we were supposed to write personal checks to the corporation in order to buy shares.  We never did that.  So now we need to write those checks and buy our shares in the corporation.  We’ll just end up with bigger paychecks and dividends in April, so it’s not like we’ll be losing any money, it’s just a hoop to jump through. 

The other thing is that starting in 2007, we paid ourselves rent checks every month from the corporation.  Instead of doing a deduction on the 1040 for business use of our home like we used to do when we were self-employed, now the corporation pays us rent to use a portion of our home.  We did all that correctly, but we were supposed to issue a 1099MISC from the corporation to show the amount that we were paid in rent last year.  I’ve already entered the amount on our 1040, but I didn’t issue a 1099MISC.  And they were due last month.  Oops.  So I’m going to file it this week, and hope that it’s ok.  My accountant said that the worst case scenario is a $50 late filing penalty, but she said that the IRS is usually very lenient with new corporations on stuff like that – basically I can play the “I’m new to this and had no idea” card and they will probably waive the fee. 

Either way, we’ve got some catching up and correcting to do.  Hopefully now we’re on the right path and a year from now our taxes will be much easier, since I’ll have the 2007 forms to reference.  All in all, it feels good to be official and incorporated, but it sure is a lot of work.

I paid the accountant $125 for an hour of her time yesterday.  I estimate that if I had just given her all of our forms and asked her to do our taxes, it would have cost at least $1000.  Maybe someday that will be worth it to me, but for now I’ll do a lot to save $875. 

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